The role of central oxytocin in stress-induced cardioprotection in ischemic-reperfused heart model

Background and purpose: There is growing evidence that stress contributes to cardiovascular disease and triggers the release of oxytocin. Moreover previous studies confirmed oxytocin mimics the protection associated with ischemic preconditioning. The present study was aimed to assess the possible cardioprotective effects of the centrally released oxytocin in response to stress and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of exogenous oxytocin in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat heart. Methods and subjects: Rats were divided in two main groups and all of them were subjected to i.c.v. infusion of vehicle or drugs: unstressed rats control: vehicle, oxytocin (OT; 100 ng/5 mu l), atosiban (ATO; 4.3 mu g/5 mu l) as oxytocin antagonist, ATO + OT] and stressed rats St: stress, OT + St, ATO + St]. After anesthesia, hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 60 min reperfusion (IR). Acute stress protocol included swimming for 10 min before anesthesia. Myocardial function, infarct size, coronary flow, ventricular arrhythmia, and biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias were counted during the occlusion period. Results: The plasma levels of oxytocin and corticosterone were significantly elevated by stress. Unexpectedly hearts of stressed rats showed a marked depression of IR injury compared to control group. I.c.v. infusion of oxytocin mimicked the cardioprotective effects of stress, yet did not elevate plasma oxytocin level. The protective effects of both stress and i.c.v. oxytocin were blocked by i.c.v. oxytocin antagonist. Conclusions: These findings suggest that i.c.v. infusion of exogenous oxytocin and centrally released endogenous oxytocin in response to stress could play a role in induction of a preconditioning effect in ischemic-reperfused rat heart via brain receptors. (C) 2012 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در پزشکی و پرستاری: مروری روایتی

Background and Aim: Moral disengagement includes the cognitive mechanisms which are formed in the doer’s mind while performing unethical actions or deciding not to perform ethical actions, which influences the occurrence of unethical actions or not performing ethical behaviors. The Present study aims to narratively review the studies that have examined the role of this variable in medical and nursing settings. Methods: Through Google scholar and PubMed databases, besides using the search section of the websites of the journals related to medical and nursing ethics, the keywords moral disengagement, medical ethics and nursing ethics were searched; the articles which had studied moral disengagement in medicine and nursing until 2022 were reviewed. Ethical Considerations: The results of the studies have been mentioned without bias, while observing trustworthiness in reporting the contents of the articles. Results: Moral disengagement was found to be prevalent among the nurses and the physicians. Moral disengagement was accompanied by decreasing moral reasoning, behaviors and traits, as well as increasing unethical and unproductive behaviors among the physicians and the nurses. In addition, these mechanisms increased in the medical environments with higher levels of stress, more perceived injustice and higher power. On the other hand, they decreased in managerial conditions in the form of moral leadership. These mechanisms were more prevalent among the physicians and the nurses who had stress, unstable moods, negative emotions, as well as the desire for power. Conclusion: Considering the modifiability of moral disengagement through certain educational interventions, it is necessary to add some lessons or courses in order to introduce and reduce the mechanisms of moral disengagement in academic programs and the in-service courses of doctors and nurses In addition, considering the role of variables such as job stress, perceived injustice and having uncontrolled power, it can be possible to reduce the aforementioned variables and consequently, moral disengagement through applying certain management reforms such as applying ethical leadership. Please cite this article as: Azimpour A, Karimian N, Azarnioushan M, Johari L. Moral Disengagement in Medicine and Nursing: A Narrative Review. Faṣlnāmah-i akhlāq-i pizishkī, i.e., Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics. 2022; 16(47): e9.زمینه و هدف: تعهدگریزی اخلاقی شامل سازوکارهایی شناختی است که هنگام انجام اعمال غیر اخلاقی و یا تصمیم به عدم انجام اعمال اخلاقی، در ذهن فرد شکل گرفته و در بروز رفتاهای غیر اخلاقی یا عدم انجام رفتارهای اخلاقی تأثیر دارد. پژوهش حاضر به مرور روایتی تحقیقاتی می‌پردازد که نقش این متغیر در موقعیت‌های پزشکی و پرستاری را بررسی کرده‌اند. روش: از طریق پایگاه‌های داده Google Scholar، Pubmed و همچنین با مراجعه به قسمت جستجوی تارنمای مجلات مرتبط با اخلاق پزشکی و پرستاری، واژه کلیدی Moral Disengagement در کنار Medical Ethics و Nursing Ethics جستجو شد و مقالاتی که تا سال ۲۰۲۲ تعهدگریزی اخلاقی را در پزشکی و پرستاری بررسی کرده بودند، بازبینی شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: نتایج پژوهش‌ها بدون سوگیری و با رعایت امانتداری در گزارش محتوای مقالات، ذکر شد. یافته‌ها: مرور مطالعات نشان داد تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در بین پزشکان و پرستاران رایج بود. تعهدگریزی اخلاقی با کاهش استدلال‌ها، رفتارها و صفات اخلاقی و افزایش رفتارهای غیر اخلاقی و غیر مولد پزشکان و پرستاران همراه بود، به علاوه این سازوکارها در محیط‌های درمانی با استرس و احساس بی‌عدالتی بیشتر و همچنین قدرت بالاتر افزایش یافته و در شرایط مدیریتی به شکل رهبری اخلاقی کاهش می‌یافت. این سازوکارها در پزشکان و پرستارانی با استرس، نااستواری خلق، عاطفه منفی و همچنین میل به قدرت، بیشتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به قابل اصلاح‌بودن تعهدگریزی اخلاقی از طریق برخی مداخلات آموزشی، لازم است با اضافه‌کردن برخی دروس یا دوره‌های آموزشی به آشناسازی و کاهش سازوکارهای تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در دوره‌های تحصیلی و ضمن خدمت پزشکان و پرستاران مبادرت ورزید، به علاوه با توجه به نقش متغیرهایی چون استرس کاری، بی‌عدالتی ادراک شده و داشتن قدرت بی‌‌حد ‌و حصر، شاید بتوان با اعمال برخی اصلاحات مدیریتی چون اعمال رهبری اخلاقی، متغیرهای فوق و به تبع آن تعهدگریزی اخلاقی را کاهش داد

Restoration of Harmane Induced Memory Consolidation Deficit by Alpha-lipoic Acid in Male Mice

Introduction: there has been a growing number of publications focusing on the effect of beta-carbolines (e.g., harmane) on cognitive behaviors such as different stages of memory formation process. Moreover, several studies have stated that Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) induces some molecular pathways effects including antioxidant effect and reduction of inflammation process. Thus, in the lines that follow, the question of whether ALA could alter memory consolidation deficit caused by harmane in the male NMRI mice will be addressed. Materials and Methods: The data for this study were collected by step-down inhibitory avoidance task with one trial protocol for evaluation of memory consolidation. The ALA (35 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately after training followed by subthreshold and effective doses of harmane (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) with 15-minute interval period. Results: The results show that post-training injection of the highest dose of harmane (10 mg/kg) lowers step-down latency, indicating the amnesia induced by harmane (P<.001). In addition, similar injection of subthreshold dose of ALA (35 mg/kg), 15 minutes before injection of subthreshold and effective doses of harmane, restores step-down latency caused by higher dose of harmane (P<.001) without its effect on the responses induced by subthreshold doses of harmane, indicating benefit effect of ALA on amnesia induced by harmane. Conclusion: An implication of this study is the possibility that ALA can reverse the amnesia induced by harmane. Therefore, future studies on this topic such as molecular mechanisms are recommended. &nbsp

Exposure rate of cardiovascular risk factors among clients of health-care clinics in Kashan, Autumn 2010

زمینه و هدف: بیماری های قلبی وعروقی، بیماری های غیر واگیر هستند که توسط عوامل متعدد ایجاد می شوند. یکی از مهمترین آنها، سبک زندگی ناسالم است. در ایران این بیماری از مشکلات دهه اخیر بوده و از سویی در مقایسه با 10 علت اول مرگ و میر در سال 1387، با 8./44 بیش ترین عامل مرگ و میر در شهر کاشان بوده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان مواجهه با عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی در شهر کاشان می باشد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 336 نفرمراجعه کنندگان به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی کاشان که به صورت خوشه ای انتخاب شده بودند انجام گرفت. اطلاعات بوسیله پرسشنامه سبک زندگی که از 5 قسمت اطلاعات دموگرافیک، سابقه بیماری، تغذیه، مصرف سیگار و فعالیت بدنی تشکیل شده بود جمع آوری و با کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین شاخص توده بدنی (BMI) بین افراد 69/25 بود. شایع ترین ریسک فاکتورها در بین افراد به ترتیب عبارت بودند از: مصرف غذای سرخ کرده (9/97)، مصرف کم ماهی (8/90)، مصرف کم حبوبات (8/79)، مصرف کم تخم مرغ (3/75) مصرف زیاد گوشت قرمز (3/69)، مصرف زیاد شیرینی جات (9/67)، مصرف غذای چرب (7/66) و میزان کم فعالیت بدنی (4/66) می باشد. بین سبک زندگی با جنسیت (016/0=P) و تحصیلات (019/0=P) و فعالیت بدنی با شغل (013/0=P) رابطه ی معنی داری یافت شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه سبک زندگی افراد در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار نداشته در نتیجه لزوم توجه و آموزش بیشتر در جهت کاهش مصرف غذای سرخ کرده، گوشت قرمز، غذای چرب و شیرینی جات و افزایش متعادل مصرف ماهی، حبوبات، تخم مرغ، میوه جات و سبزیجات، در رژیم غذایشان افزایش فعالیت بدنی و کاهش مصرف سیگار توصیه می شود.

Association of genetic polymorphisms of PON1 and CETP with the presence of metabolic syndrome; the effects of genotypes on their serum activity and concentrations

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mummy Material Can Promote Differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblast through Enhancement of Bone Specific Transcription Factors Expression

Purpose: Application of Mummy material for treatment of different diseases such as bone fracture, cutaneous wounds and joint inflammation has been advised since hundred years ago in Persian traditional medicine. Due to the claims of indigenous people and advice of traditional medicine for application of this material in healing of bone fractures, this study has been designed to evaluate whether Mummy material can promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and enhance the expression of bone specific genes and proteins. Methods: Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) at fourth cell passage were divided into control, osteogenesis group (received osteogenic medium), Mummy group (received Mummy at concentration of 500 µg/ml). ASCs in the fourth group were treated with both osteogenic medium and Mummy (500µg/ml). Cells in all groups were harvested on days 7, 14 and 21 days for further evaluation through Real time RT-PCR, Von kossa staining, Immunocytochemistry and flowcytometery. Results: Treatment of ASCs with Mummy at concentration of 500µg/ml promotes the expression level of Osteocalcin, RUNX-2 and β1-integrin genes in different time points but that of the Osterix did not changed. Furthermore the expression of Osteocalcin protein enhanced significantly in ASCs treated with Mummy detected by Immunocytochemistry and flowcytometery technique compared to the control groups. The results of this study also showed that treatment of ASCs with Mummy resulted in formation of mineral deposits which was evaluated by Von Kossa staining method. Conclusion: Obtained data from this study reveals that Mummy is a potent enhancer for differentiation of ASCs into osteoblasts in in vitro system, probably through increasing the level of bone specific genes and proteins

Association between the rs2241883 polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein-1 (FABP1) gene and obesity in a population of MASHAD study cohort

Funding Information: We would like to thank Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Council for their financial supports.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Association of ANGPTL3 polymorphisms with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease

Introduction Previous studies have shown the importance of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) as a modulator of lipid profiles. Cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) is one means for assessing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality. This study for the first time has investigated the relationship between genetic ANGPTL3 polymorphism and CUC in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods Five hundred three subjects comprising 350 healthy subjects and 153 individuals who developed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event during follow-up were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. A modified CUC method was used to determine the CUC of serum samples. Applied amplification refractory mutation system PCR was performed for ANGPTL3 variants genotyping including: rs10789117, rs1748195, and rs11207997. Sanger sequencing was applied to confirm the genotypes. Results The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the rs1748195 genotypes and HDL concentration in the CVD group (p = 0.02). Moreover, individuals with a GG genotype of the rs1748195 were associated with a lower risk of CVD (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24–0.98, p = 0.04) compared with CC genotype in the CUC ≤ 1.7 a.u subgroup. Moreover, the CT genotype of rs11207997 was associated with a lower risk of CVD (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.41–1.3, p = 0.01) compared with CC genotype in CUC > 1.7 a.u subgroup. Conclusion The results showed that the CT genotype of the rs11207997 variant was associated with a lower risk of incident CVD in patients with higher HDL functionality. As well, the rs1748195 gene variant may contribute to a reduced risk of CVD

継承語年少学習者と第二言語学習者 : ロシア語教育の方法

<p>(G1) (Normal control group); (G2) (Ulcer control group); (G3) (Omeprazole); (G4) (62.5 mg/kg), (G5) (125 mg/kg), (G6) (250 mg/kg) and (G7) (500 mg/kg) of <i>V</i>. <i>pubescens</i> extract. HSP70 protein was over-expressed in rats pre-treated with omeprazole or <i>V</i>. <i>pubescens</i> extract (brown color shows over-expression of HSP70 protein) (magnification 20×). There were 6 rats in each group of experiment. The Image J program was used to evaluate protein expression. All values are expressed as the means ± the standard error of mean. The mean difference was significant at the <i>p < 0</i>.<i>05</i> level compared to the cancer control group.</p